Many serious diseases cannot be cured by medicines, such as heart failure, Late Stage Diabetes, hemophilia, myeloma, End-Stage Cirrhosis, etc. The best method is allogeneic transplantation. However, due to the limited donors and the risk of immune rejection, researchers are dedicated to finding more efficient and safer treatment besides allogeneic transplantation. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be derived from the body cells of the patients themselves, which eliminates the risk of immune rejection, and has the potential of differentiation into different cells. Transplantation of cells derived from iPSC, such as cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, neurocytes, T cells, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and pancreatic cells, is possible to solve many medical problems.
Hepatocyte
The differentiation of liver cells induced by iPSC can alleviate the shortage of sources in liver transplantation and hepatocyte transplantation, which is more conducive to basic and clinical research. In addition, the induced hepatocyte could be used as a tool to simulate and study liver diseases and screen the hepatotoxicity of drugs in the future.
Neural stem cell and neuron
Neural stem cells differentiated from iPSC can be used to generate cell models of nervous system diseases. This approach avoids ethical problems and immune rejection and is an ideal way to obtain NSC in vitro.
iPSC can differentiate into neurons under appropriate conditions. For example, differentiation into motor neurons (MN) provides the possibility for the treatment and research of MN injury diseases such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
T cell
iPSC can differentiate into T cells. The CAR-T cell therapy developed on the basis of iPSC has a safer and more effective pharmacological activity. iPSCs based CAR-T cells can be used in T cell immunotherapy without the limitation of Allograft rejection.
Hematopoietic stem cell
The limited number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the difficulty of expansion and culture in vitro, and graft versus host disease (GVHD) limit the HSC transplantation. iPSC can proliferate and differentiate into transplantable HSCs in vitro, which brings a bright future for the treatment of malignant blood diseases.
Cardiomyocyte
iPSC derived cardiomyocytes provide a new way for the study of disease-specific and individual-specific pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, which has become an effective tool in the field of cardiovascular research and also brings new hope for clinical treatment.
Pancreatic cell
iPSC can differentiate into pancreatic β-cells in vitro, which can be used in the research of disease mechanism, drug development, and cell therapy for diabetes. Using this source of pancreatic β-cells for transplantation in the treatment of diabetes can better solve the ethical, limited source problems faced by the previous islet transplantation.
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